How do stepper motors work? What are the main control methods?

Avec le développement continu de l'industrie des moteurs, la technologie des moteurs pas à pas est de plus en plus avancée et mature, l'industrie des applications est également de plus en plus étendue, ce qui lui vaut les faveurs de la majorité des amis.

Stepper motor working principle and control mode, many friends still do not know very well, the following Vacuz to introduce it to you! Hope it can help you!

Stepper motor principle of operation:

In fact, the stepper motor is also a relatively special motor, mainly by changing the size and direction of the electromagnetic field current, so as to control the angle and speed.

When the coil in the stator is energized, the coil will generate a magnetic field, the magnetic poles on the rotor will attract this field, so that the rotor rotates a fixed angle. When the electromagnetic coil current in the stator changes direction, the rotor also changes direction. By gradually changing the direction and size of the electromagnetic field, accurate rotational control can be achieved.

Stepper motor control methods:

Open-loop control: This is the common and usual control method, which mainly controls the motor movement by controlling the pulse signal input to the motor, each pulse signal makes the motor rotate a fixed angle, and the direction of rotation depends on the direction of the pulse signal, the advantage of this control method is simple and stable, but it is easy to lose step at high speed or when the load is heavy.

Closed loop control: This control method adjusts the control signal by measuring the angle difference between the actual angle of motor rotation and the control signal to make the motor movement more accurate. This method requires the installation of an encoder or sensor to measure the angle of motor rotation in real time to adjust the control signal. The advantage of closed-loop control is high accuracy, but it is costly and requires a more complex control system.

Vector control: This control method is typically used for high precision and high speed applications and achieves more accurate control by controlling the phase current of the motor. It requires the use of complex control algorithms to calculate the relationship between the motor current and the control signal, so it requires more computational power. The advantages of vector control are high accuracy and stability, but higher cost and more complex control system.

The above is the working principle of stepper motor and the main control mode, I believe you have a preliminary understanding, I hope these tips can help you Oh!

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