DC brushless motors are found everywhere in medical, aviation, industrial automation, electric vehicles, and robotics applications. They have more advantages over brushed motors, no brushes, more convenient, and maintenance-free. So what is a DC brushless motor? What does it do? How does it work?

Statore del motore brushless Aero

How brushless DC motors work.

Explaining how a brushless DC motor works is usually helpful because brushless DC motors have been in use for a long time before. A brush DC motor has permanent magnets on the outside of its structure and a rotating armature on the inside. The permanent magnets fixed on the outside are called the stator. The armature, which rotates and contains the electromagnet, is called the rotor.

In a brushed DC motor, the rotor rotates 180 degrees when current flows to the armature. To advance further, the poles of the electromagnet must be reversed. As the rotor rotates, the brushes make contact with the stator, thus flipping the magnetic field and rotating the rotor 360 degrees.

Brushless DC motors actually flip from the inside out, so there is no need to use brushes to flip the electromagnetic field. In a brushless DC motor, the permanent magnets are located on the rotor and the electromagnets are located on the stator. The computer then charges the electromagnet in the stator, causing the rotor to rotate 360 degrees.

What is the use of a brushless DC motor?

Brushless DC motors are typically 85-90% efficient, while brushed motors are typically only 75-80% efficient. Brushes eventually wear out and sometimes spark dangerously, thus limiting the life of a brush motor. Brushless DC motors are quiet, lighter and last longer. Brushless DC motors allow for more precise motion control due to computer-controlled currents.

Because of all these advantages, brushless DC motors are often used in modern equipment that requires low noise and heat, especially for continuous operation. This may include medical surgical tools, aerospace, industrial automation equipment, electric vehicles, robots, and consumer electronics such as washing machines and air conditioners.

Motori brushless DC

Brushless DC motors have several distinct advantages over other types of motors, which is why they have entered many applications and may gradually become the mainstream of the motor market.

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